How to redact text safely
Short answer
To redact text safely, replace the sensitive parts with a placeholder so the original characters are gone from the file, not merely covered. Hiding text behind a black box or formatting still leaves it in the underlying data.
Hiding is not redacting
Covering text with a black rectangle, changing its color to match the background, or hiding it with formatting leaves the original characters in the file. Anyone can select, copy, or inspect the document to recover them. Real redaction removes the characters entirely.
What to redact
- Names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses
- Account numbers, card numbers, and identifiers
- API keys, tokens, and passwords pasted into logs
- Anything that uniquely identifies a person or system
Check the result
After redacting, read the output as if you had never seen the original. Try to copy the placeholders, and confirm no sensitive detail survives in surrounding context, metadata, or earlier versions of the file.