How to rotate PDF pages
Short answer
To rotate a PDF, turn the affected pages in 90-degree steps until they read upright, then save. This fixes sideways scans and pages exported in the wrong orientation, and the rotation is stored in the file.
Why pages end up sideways
Scanners and phone cameras often capture a page in landscape, and some exports rotate pages without re-flowing the content. The result is a PDF you have to turn your head to read. Rotating fixes the stored orientation so it opens correctly everywhere.
- Rotate 90 degrees to fix a page turned a quarter turn
- Rotate 180 degrees for an upside-down page
- Rotate only the pages that need it, not the whole document
Save the rotation permanently
Turning a page in your viewer often only changes how you see it, not the file. Exporting after rotating writes the new orientation into the PDF so it stays fixed for everyone who opens it.